Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition that causes stiffness, pain, and restricted movement in the shoulder joint. For people living with diabetes, the risk of developing a frozen shoulder is significantly higher compared to the general population. Research indicates that individuals with diabetes are up to five times more likely to experience frozen shoulder at some point in their lives. If you or someone you know is experiencing a frozen shoulder, our team at Pick PT is ready to help you!
What is Frozen Shoulder?
A frozen shoulder occurs when the connective tissue surrounding the shoulder joint thickens and tightens, restricting movement and causing pain. The condition typically develops in three stages:
- Freezing stage: Shoulder pain increases, and movement becomes limited. This stage can last from six weeks to nine months.
- Frozen stage: The pain may decrease, but stiffness remains, making it difficult to move the shoulder. This stage lasts around four to six months.
- Thawing stage: Movement in the shoulder begins to improve, and the range of motion gradually returns. This final stage can last from six months to two years.
While the exact cause of frozen shoulder is still not entirely understood, it is believed to be related to inflammation in the shoulder joint. For individuals with diabetes, managing blood sugar levels may play a significant role in the development and progression of this condition.
The Link Between Frozen Shoulder and Diabetes
The exact reason for the increased risk of frozen shoulder in people with diabetes remains unclear, but several potential factors contribute to this connection:
Glycation of Collagen
High blood sugar levels in individuals with poorly managed diabetes can lead to a process called glycation, where sugar molecules attach to proteins like collagen. Collagen is a key component of connective tissues in the body, including the shoulder joint. When collagen becomes glycated, it can become stiffer and less flexible, contributing to the thickening of the shoulder capsule and the development of a frozen shoulder.
Inflammation
Diabetes is known to cause chronic low-grade inflammation throughout the body. This inflammation can affect joints, including the shoulder, leading to conditions like a frozen shoulder. The inflammatory response in diabetes may exacerbate the pain and stiffness associated with the condition.
Neuropathy and Reduced Mobility
Diabetic neuropathy, a condition caused by nerve damage from high blood sugar, can reduce sensation and movement in the joints. This reduction in mobility can make it difficult for people with diabetes to engage in regular physical activity, leading to stiffness and an increased risk of developing a frozen shoulder.
Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder in People with Diabetes
The symptoms of a frozen shoulder are similar in both individuals with and without diabetes. They include:
- Pain in the shoulder joint that worsens with movement
- Stiffness that limits the range of motion in the shoulder
- Difficulty performing everyday activities such as reaching overhead, dressing, or lifting objects
- Pain that worsens at night, disrupting sleep
While the symptoms are the same, people with diabetes may experience more intense pain and a longer recovery period compared to those without the condition.
Managing Frozen Shoulder with Diabetes
If you have diabetes and develop a frozen shoulder, managing the condition can be more challenging, but there are several effective treatments and strategies to help improve mobility and reduce pain. Here are some steps to consider:
- Maintain Blood Sugar Control
- Physical Therapy
- Pain Management
- Heat and Cold Therapy
- Surgical Options
Preventing Frozen Shoulder
For individuals with diabetes, taking steps to prevent a frozen shoulder can make a significant difference in their quality of life. Prevention strategies include:
- Regular physical activity to keep the shoulder joint flexible and prevent stiffness
- Stretching exercises that target the shoulder and upper body
- Monitoring blood sugar levels to minimize inflammation and reduce the risk of complications
Frozen shoulder is a painful and limiting condition that disproportionately affects people with diabetes. Understanding the connection between diabetes and a frozen shoulder can help you take proactive steps to manage your blood sugar, engage in physical therapy, and pursue treatments that improve your range of motion. While the condition can be challenging, with proper care and management with Pick PT, you can reduce pain, restore movement, and get back to enjoying daily activities.